some basic unix commands.

uname - will tell what version of OS it is running

"ps -ef " will tell the processes running on the server.

ps -ef |cut -c 10-17 will cut the output and get me just the process id.

Now, read what is the process id ?

ps -ef | awk '{print $1}' - this will give the first column in the ps -ef
command.

Likewise
ps -ef |grep '{print $2}' will display the 2nd column.

and so on.

What is the difference between
ps -ef |cut -c30-36

and

ps -ef |cut -c30-

What does the ping do ?

ping will try to talk to the remote server and check if it is alive or
not ?

what does the route command do ?

route PRINT - will list the routers etc,

where are the binaries in cygwin located ?

/usr/bin folder